Interactive comment on “BINARY: an optical freezing array for assessing temperature and time dependence of heterogeneous ice nucleation” by C. Budke and T. Koop

BINARY: an optical freezing array for assessing temperature and time dependence of heterogeneous ice nucleation

A new optical freezing array for the study of heterogeneous ice nucleation in microliter-sized droplets is introduced, tested and applied to the study of immersion freezing in aqueous Snomax suspensions. In the Bielefeld Ice Nucleation ARraY (BINARY) ice nucleation can be studied simultaneously in 36 droplets at temperatures down to −40 C (233 K) and at cooling rates between 0.1 and 10 K min. T...

Optical freezing array BINARY

Effects of Statically Electric Fields on Freezing Parameters and Microstructures of Button Mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)

Background and Objectives: Freezing under statically electric fields is one of the novel freezing methods to improve the quality of frozen products by controlling the nucleation process. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of freezing under electrostatic fields on the freezing parameters and microstructures of frozen button mushrooms. Materials and Methods: Mushroom samples w...

Sensitivity of liquid clouds to homogenous freezing parameterizations

Water droplets in some clouds can supercool to temperatures where homogeneous ice nucleation becomes the dominant freezing mechanism. In many cloud resolving and mesoscale models, it is assumed that homogeneous ice nucleation in water droplets only occurs below some threshold temperature typically set at -40°C. However, laboratory measurements show that there is a finite rate of nucleation at w...

Production of Ice Nucleation Deficient (Ice-) Mutants of the Epiphytic Strains of Erwinia herbicola

To mutate the Ice Nucleation Active (INA) gene in Erwinia herbicola strains, Tn-5 transposon carried by Psup2021 plasmid was used. This plasmid was transferred to the bacterial cells by electroporation. Electrotransformation was carried out for 2.5 ms at 1800 v and 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Polymerase chain reaction was used for determination of presence or loss of INA gene, using a...